More than 400 bird species have been sighted in PA, and we’ve scouted out the best places for birdwatching in Cumberland Valley. Whether you’re interested in raptors, songbirds, or waterfowl, Cumberland Valley offers excellent opportunities for experienced and novice birders to discover the avian diversity and migratory patterns of Pennsylvania birds.
Seasonal Changes in Bird Populations
Spring birdwatching is all about songbirds! May is the peak of spring migration, as vibrant and vocal visitors arrive from Central and South America. Some will stay to breed and nest. Others are just passing through as they continue farther north. Along rivers and lakes, you may also spot migrating shorebirds and waterfowl.
Summer is nesting time for nearly 200 different bird species in Pennsylvania. Many of these birds will return to the tropics after hatching their young. Some songbirds and shorebirds are still migrating through the area.
Fall is an exciting time for local bird watchers, as thousands of raptors are seen each year along the Kittatinny Ridge. The mountain causes thermal updrafts, which make it easier for eagles, hawks, falcons, and vultures to reach their winter homes in Central and South America. Due to its significance as a premier raptor migration corridor, the Audubon Society has named Kittatinny Ridge one of six global Important Bird Areas in the state. Waggoner’s Gap, situated atop Kittatinny Ridge, has one of the largest concentrations of raptors in the country and is one of the best sites along the ridge in the East to see Golden Eagles and in PA to watch the fall hawk migration.
Birdwatching in winter can be quite satisfying as long as you dress warmly! Large numbers of waterfowl pass through PA in November, and certain birds become easy to see in open or snow-covered fields.
Unique Bird Species for Each Season
Every season provides opportunities to glimpse many local and migratory birds. Keep an eye out for the following species:
SPRING
- Tree Swallow, Eastern Phoebe, Chipping Sparrow, Blue-winged Teal, Common and Forster’s Terns, Baltimore Oriole
SUMMER
- Yellow-billed and Black-billed Cuckoo, Broad Winged Hawk, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Sandpiper, Gray-cheeked Thrush, Blackpoll Warbler
FALL
- Golden Eagle, Osprey, Cooper’s Hawk, Bald Eagle, Red Tailed Hawk, American Kestrel, Black Vulture
WINTER
- Winter Wren, American Widgeon, Rusty Blackbird, Snowy Owl, Tundra Swan, Rough-legged Hawk, Snow Bunting
Best Times of Day for Birdwatching
There’s a reason for the phrase “the early bird gets the worm.” Most birds wake with the sun and start their day looking for food. That means the best time for birdwatching is between dawn and 11 a.m. when birds are most active. If you’re not an early bird yourself, many species have another active peak before nightfall as they look for a final meal.
Weather Considerations and What to Bring
When it rains, you won’t find many birds, so check the weather before you leave home. Always be sure to dress appropriately for the season and your environment. If you’re hiking up a mountain for a better vantage point, expect windy conditions and dress extra warmly in removable layers. Sturdy hiking shoes are recommended for most trails. After spending time in wooded areas, you should always check for ticks and consider wearing long sleeves and using bug spray to protect yourself.
Be sure to bring plenty of water and snacks to avoid getting hungry or dehydrated. Bird watching can involve a lot of waiting, so pack a cushion or camp chair to make yourself more comfortable. A field guide or birdsong app can help you identify the birds you see. And don’t forget binoculars to give yourself a better view.
Begin Your Birdwatching Adventure Today
Birdwatching is an easy and affordable way to lower stress, get active, and enjoy nature. To help get you started, check out free organized walks by The "Bird Guy" Tours. Held at various locations throughout Cumberland Valley, these casual walking tours will help you discover and experience the joys of birdwatching.
With such a variety of birds and so many places to look for them, Cumberland Valley is a bird watcher’s paradise. Plan your weekend getaway now.
